Sunday, April 27, 2014



 DEPM 604 9040 Management and Leadership in Distance Education & E-learning
 What is Leadership Pt. 1
“Where there is no vision the people perish.” Bringing a vision to fruition requires an organized and skilled leader, one who can successfully communicate and engage a group of people to willingly put their talents into building, and sustaining a successful organization. The attributes that make a good leader are multifarious and are composed of both the tangible and intangible. A good leader can take a diverse group of people and forge a cohesive work environment that allows an organization to meet its objectives and goals.  Simply put a good leader has followers, they have to buy what the leader is selling.
Tangible Qualities
     A good and successful leader makes those following want to give their best and in order to elicit that, a leader must display certain characteristics that make people want to work towards creating a successful organization. One can look at a variety of institutions, educational, religious, corporate, military, political, and even sports to find examples of those considered to be good leaders. No matter the type of organization or cause, good leaders are often described as passionate, loyal, smart, supportive, encouraging, resourceful, innovative, fair, tough, resilient, dedicated, and hardworking. Additionally good leaders may have the following characteristics or abilities. 
Organizational skills
     Organization may be one of the most pertinent characteristics of being a good leader; having structured guidance can prevent a sense of chaos and lack of direction.  It is difficult to commit to a leader who appears aimless or lacking control. Working hard with no reward or results due to lack of direction does not bode well for an organization’s success.
Intelligence
     Those being lead must believe that the leader is sharp enough to guide them, and is educated and knows and understands what it is that is going on within the organization on various levels. Those being lead expect the leader to have the credentials and experience to guide them. And more importantly the “smarts” and know-how to apply what they know effectively.
Awareness
     It may seem obvious, but a good leader shows that they understand and know the purpose and culture of an organization. That involves taking time to assess how decisions, strategies, planning and their implementation can affect all of the stakeholders associated with an organization. In an educational setting, that could include instructors, administrators, students, parents, alumnae etc. 
     Leaders that come in to an existing organization must be doubly aware of an organization’s audience and history. A leader may be very talented in one field but not taking into consideration the history or stakeholders can end in failure. Recently, a venerable retail chain brought in a successful CEO and regarded leader from another company from another field. This particular CEO implemented drastic changes without understanding the retailer’s culture, practices, and customer base, and sales subsequently decreased.  Needless to say, employee morale hit an all time low. Within the year, the new CEO was fired and the previously demoted CEO, assumed leadership once again.  Of course, one may surmise that the leadership beyond CEO level may have made a profound error in judgment but in the end admitted their mistake and reinstated someone familiar with the company culture and consumers.
Communication skills
     A good leader must be able to communicate the goals and objectives of the organization to others. Perhaps it is especially important when innovation or change is part of the plan. A good leader must rally the workers to share the vision and convince them that changes can be done and in some instances must be done. The inability to express one’s self does not build trust or confidence and may be interpreted as not wanting to involve others or in some cases ineptitude.
Humility
     A good leader is humble enough to give credit to others when warranted. Good leaders can accept that their accomplishments are largely due in part to the work and talent of others. Workers can trust, admire and are willing to follow a leader who rewards their efforts and talents by acknowledging their contributions. Good leaders understand the power of collaborative work and are open to feedback and ideas from others. Allowing others to be a part of the process can be encouraging. Good leaders are advocates of the old adage “there is no I in team.” Workers that feel respected and valued are assets to any organization or cause.
Motivational skills
     When all is said and done, good leaders are good motivators. In the office, classroom or battlefield leaders bring people together. Good leaders deftly assess other’s skills, talents, weaknesses, strengths, motivations, needs, and then craft ways to make people work together for a common goal.
Intangibles
     Some leaders are endowed with intangible qualities that can when combined with the necessary practical characteristics make them good and successful leaders.  It is a plus and can be referred to as charisma, the “x-factor,” je ne c’est quois or even gravitas.  Whatever one calls it, this inherent, innate gift can make people take notice and follow. 
Conclusion
     A good leader is a combination of attractive attributes, someone who is smart, resilient, thoughtful, tough, fair, flexible, confident, and humble. It is someone who is willing to acknowledge the contributions of others without feeling that it diminishes their own accomplishments. A good leader makes people feel secure about following their lead. Perhaps not all good leaders are liked but they are more than likely respected for their knowledge and ability to use skilled people around them to get the job done by motivation.
Leadership Part II
Introduction
     “Where there is no vision the people perish.” is how I began my first essay and it is an appropriate opening again.  I think my first essay was fairly cursory, evoking the key traits and characteristics that most of us think of when considering leadership; good communication, smart, flexible, motivating, all of these words can come from watching any late night infomercial. What this class has done is flesh out the attributes of leadership. It has given clarity to what these traits entail and how they are all perceptibly and imperceptibly interconnected. The difference  between essay one and two is that now I have a better understanding of how good leaders build, promote and communicate to create a collective vision to their followers both internal and external . Three themes contributed to my understanding of leadership in this class, adaptability, communication, and followership.
Adaptability
     There is no wrong or right leadership style, an effective leader must be able to adapt to a given situation from inside or outside of the organization (Sims, Faraj, & Yun, 2009), and thus the skill to adapt is one crucial takeaway I got from this class.  An effective leader must be able to use his style and apply it to situations that may arise at any given time (Yukl, 2013). A leader who is stubborn enough to believe that their way is the only way will have a difficult time being running an organization. Adaptability is all accepting and reacting to change, our group interviewed Alex Autry, the president of the Federal Government Distance Learning Association (FGDLA), and he asserted that change is a difficult thing for everyone to accept but it is a necessary component of leading and advancing an organization. Adapting is change and an effective leader must know when and how to change.  In Group 2’s interview with Dr. Tony Bates he offered, “Use change to your advantage.”
Communication
     It is important for a leader to communicate effectively to convey and realize the missions, goals, and vision of an organization, if a leader cannot express his vision the organization can never hope to achieve success. Communication skills have to incorporate myriad of challenging situations.  In addition to using communication to forge interpersonal relationships to gather information and apply that information to making decisions(Mintzberg, 1975);communication in the 21st century means email, teleconferencing, face to face; it also involves being a diplomat and being able to be persuasive to handle conflict management (Ayoko & Hartel, 2006). Kotter (1996) asserts that communication can be demonstrated in a leader’s actions, the way a leader behaves is a potent means of communication.
Followership
     I will never consider followers the same way, after all without followers there can be no leaders. Followers are the ones who determine how successful a leader can be, it is up to an effective leader to use communication and people skills to influence and get subordinates to buy into a collective vision. In the past followers were thought to be like “sheep” (Kellerman, 2009) but in reality followership can make or break a leader, depending on how they feel about them. Followers can actively support or seek to destroy, either openly or behind the scenes, a powerful concept.
Conclusion
     The most impressive part of the course was the interview with distance leaders, the interviews allowed me to see the theories our class was reading about come to life. I will also take away the Janis theory of groupthink, regarding the Abilene Paradox,  we have all  taken part in or witnessed a groupthink incident, the go along to get along instead of speaking freely has been a part of most people’s life experience . In an organization, the fear of speaking up can cost time, money and the inability to reach goals.
     Sometimes you wind up with more questions than answers, but that is part of an evolving organism like leadership in DE.  What I have gained is respect for leaders who have to have the skills to influence people to follow them. It takes a warrior to step out front and have the self-assurance to lead an organization especially in the 21st, with technology and the challenges that a diversifying.


References
Harvey, Jerry. (1974). The Abilene Paradox: The management of agreement. Organizational Dynamics, Summer74, Vol. 3 Issue 1, p63-80.
Kotter, J. P. (2012). Leading change. Boston: Harvard Business Review Press.
Kellerman, B. (2009, June 11). Barbara Kellerman on Followership. Retrieved from https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=kgLcAF5Lgq4
Mintzberg, H. (1975). The manager's job: folklore and fact. Harvard Business Review, Jul/Aug75, Vol. 53 Issue 4, p49-61, 13p.
Sims, H. P. Jr, Faraj, S., & Yun, S. (2009). When should a leader be directive or empowering? How to develop your own situational theory of leadership. Business Horizon, 52, 149-158.
Yukl, G. (2013). Contingency theories and adaptive leadership. In Leadership in organizations, (8th ed., pp. 162-184).  New York, NY: Pearson. 

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